Time value of money and financial calculator tutorials
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Time value of money and financial calculator tutorials
In the previous sections, we have seen how to calculate present values and future values of lump sum cash flows. However, in many cases you may need to solve for the number of periods or the interest rate. The purpose of this section is to show exactly how to do that. It is important to remember that we are using…
In this tutorial we will see how to amortize a fixed-rate loan using the HP 10BII+ calculator from Hewlett Packard. Specifically, we will see how to calculate the amount of principal and interest for any particular payment, or range of payments. For example, you may wish to know how much your principal or interest payments will be for the first…
Strictly speaking, an annuity is a series of equal cash flows, equally spaced in time. However, a graduated annuity (also called a growing annuity) is one in which the cash flows are not all the same, instead they are growing at a constant rate (any other series of cash flows is an uneven cash flow stream). So, the two types…
In the previous section we looked at the basic time value of money keys and how to use them to calculate present and future value of lump sums and annuities. In this section we will take a look at how to use the HP 12C to calculate the present and future values of uneven cash flow streams. We will also…
Strictly speaking, an annuity is a series of equal cash flows, equally spaced in time. However, a graduated annuity (also called a growing annuity) is one in which the cash flows are not all the same, instead they are growing at a constant rate (any other series of cash flows is an uneven cash flow stream). So, the two types…
These are the main formulas that are needed to work with regular annuity cash flows (Definition/Tutorial). Please note that these formulas work only on a payment date, not between payment dates. This is the same restriction used (but not stated) in financial calculators and spreadsheet functions. I use MathJax to display these formulas. You can click the equations to show…
These are the main formulas that are needed to work with lump sum cash flows (Definition/Tutorial). I use MathJax to display these formulas. You can click the equations to show a zoomed version in a pop-up, or right-click on the formulas for additional options (e.g., to copy the equation as $\TeX$ or to choose the zoom settings). To Solve For:…
This tutorial explains how to amortize a fixed-rate loan using the HP 20b financial calculator. It guides users on calculating the principal and interest for individual payments or a range of payments. The article demonstrates using the calculator’s built-in functions to break down loan payments into principal and interest components and how to determine the remaining balance after each payment. Additionally, it briefly compares this method with using a spreadsheet for creating a full amortization schedule, highlighting the limitations and practical applications of the HP 20b calculator's amortization functions.
One of the key variables in choosing any investment is the expected rate of return. We try to find assets that have the best combination of risk and return. In this section we will see how to calculate the rate of return on a bond investment. If you are comfortable using the TVM keys, then this will be a simple…
Strictly speaking, an annuity is a series of equal cash flows, equally spaced in time. However, a graduated annuity (also called a growing annuity) is one in which the cash flows are not all the same, instead they are growing at a constant rate (any other series of cash flows is an uneven cash flow stream). So, the two types…
Many, perhaps most, time value of money problems in the real world involve other than annual time periods. For example, most consumer loans (e.g., mortgages, car loans, credit cards, etc.) require monthly payments. All of the examples in the previous pages have used annual time periods for simplicity. On this page, I’ll show you how easy it is to deal…
This article explains how to calculate the present and future values of graduated annuities using the HP 10BII+ financial calculator. Graduated annuities, where cash flows grow at a constant rate, differ from regular annuities with constant cash flows. The article provides step-by-step instructions for adjusting the interest rate to account for growth and solving for present and future values. It covers both annuities due and regular annuities, with practical examples illustrating the calculations.
One of the key variables in choosing any investment is the expected rate of return. We try to find assets that have the best combination of risk and return. In this section we will see how to calculate the rate of return on a bond investment. If you are comfortable using the TVM keys, then this will be a simple…
In the previous section we looked at the basic time value of money keys and how to use them to calculate present and future value of lump sums. In this section we will take a look at how to use the HP 10BII to calculate the present and future values of regular annuities and annuities due. A regular annuity is…
If the picture at right doesn’t match your calculator, you may have an original HP 10B or HP10BII (not the + version). These calculators differ slightly, so you may prefer the HP 10B tutorial. The Hewlett Packard 10BII+ is a very easy to use financial calculator that will serve you well in all finance courses. This tutorial will demonstrate how…